The Praetorian Guard, an elite corps of soldiers in the Late Republic, became the most famous and controversial unit in the Imperial Army. Its name has become synonymous with intrigue, conspiracy, betrayal, and assassination. It was responsible for the overthrow, abandonment, or murder of 15 out of the first 48 emperors who governed Rome between 27 bc and ad 305.…
The Codex Manesse or Manessian codex, also known as Große Heidelberger Liederhandschrift, is the richest and most famous medieval songbook in the German language. This large format codex (35.5×25 cm) consists of 426 sheets of parchment and contains texts and precious miniatures on both sides. It is preserved in the Heidelberg University Library. The collection contains poetic works in Middle…
“I go from a corruptible world to an incorruptible one, where there is peace, all possible peace.” With these words in 1649 Charles I Stuart, king of England and Scotland, greeted the world before being beheaded during the English revolution. The English Civil War is a generic term for a series of civil wars between Royalists and Parliamentarians in England…
Edmund Crouchback, Earl of Lancaster and Earl of Leicester (16 January 1245 – 5 June 1296) was a member of the House of Plantagenet. He was the second surviving son of King Henry III of England and Eleanor of Provence. In his childhood he had a claim on the Kingdom of Sicily; however, he never ruled there. He was granted…
Soldiers who formed the first line of the Roman deployment, the Hastati, initially equipped with “Hasta”, were followed into battle by the more experienced and better equipped lines of Principes and Triarii, and were preceded by skirmishers, called “Velites”.
Henry IV (c. April 1367 – 20 March 1413), also known as Henry Bolingbroke, was King of England from 1399 to 1413. He asserted the claim of his grandfather King Edward III, a maternal grandson of Philip IV of France, to the Kingdom of France. Henry was the first English ruler since the Norman Conquest, over three hundred years prior,…
The 93th (Sutherland Highlanders) Regiment of Foot was a Line Infantry Regiment of the British Army, raised in 1799. Under the Childers Reforms, it amalgamated with the 91st (Argyllshire Highlanders) Regiment of Foot to form the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders.
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