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The Praetorian Guard

The Praetorian Guard, an elite corps of soldiers in the Late Republic, became the most famous and controversial unit in the Imperial Army. Its name has become synonymous with intrigue, conspiracy, betrayal, and assassination. It was responsible for the overthrow, abandonment, or murder of 15 out of the first 48 emperors who governed Rome between 27 bc and ad 305.…

The importance of the Codex Manesse

The Codex Manesse or Manessian codex, also known as Große Heidelberger Liederhandschrift, is the richest and most famous medieval songbook in the German language. This large format codex (35.5×25 cm) consists of 426 sheets of parchment and contains texts and precious miniatures on both sides. It is preserved in the Heidelberg University Library. The collection contains poetic works in Middle…

English Civil War 1648

“I go from a corruptible world to an incorruptible one, where there is peace, all possible peace.” With these words in 1649 Charles I Stuart, king of England and Scotland, greeted the world before being beheaded during the English revolution. The English Civil War is a generic term for a series of civil wars between Royalists and Parliamentarians in England…

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